Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "ACARS" "MDCRS" "AIRCRAFT" "TAMDAR" "AMDAR" "WVSS" received at GSD on 01/07/24


Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Indianapolis IN
904 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 .Key Messages... - Drizzle/patchy fog through the rest of the afternoon. - A weak system tonight will bring additional light snow with amounts up to an inch north of Indianapolis. - Few changes to forecast with storm system Monday night into early Wednesday; primarily rain and gusty winds expected much of the event, with a brief burst of light snow accumulations possible at the onset and ending Monday night and Tuesday night. Impacts to the Wednesday morning commute possible. - Yet another strong winter storm is possible in the Midwest late next week into the weekend. Much too early for details but continue to watch for possible impacts. && .Forecast Update... Issued at 903 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 At 02z, radar was showing very light returns were occurring mostly near and west of the Interstate 65 corridor, where wet bulb temperatures per SPC mesoanalysis were at least a degree or two above 32 degrees. That said, northeastern sections were right around freezing and Hi-Res soundings are showing a freezing level well below 1000 feet with saturation up to 25K feet. This suggests snow will at least mix in with rain over but perhaps extreme southwestern sections where temperatures are in the upper 30s. BUFKIT supports mostly snow over northeastern sections. Although, forcing was not very impressive with the upstream trough, 180 kt 250 millibar jet streak over northern Kentucky and the saturated column should allow precip to expand. Still, it looks like up to an inch is possible by daybreak near and north of I-74 with negligible accumulation southwest of I-74. Any snow will be wet and with unimpressive winds along with the snow, issues should be minor. && .Short Term...(This evening through Sunday) Issued at 312 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Rest of Today. Lingering low clouds and abundant near surface moisture has led to occasional drizzle with lowered visibilities across central Indiana. Temperatures at Indianapolis have only varied by 3 degrees between 31 and 34 since midnight and with sunset approaching, not expecting any more than a 1 degree increase through the rest of the day. With surface temperatures just above freezing, there haven`t been any impacts from the drizzle but will continue to monitor this ahead of the loss of the minimal daytime sun. ACARs soundings combined with IR satellite show that the top of the cloud layer lacks ice which is leading to the drizzle vs snow as seen earlier. Tonight. This cloud layer will begin to deepen later into the evening and overnight hours with ice nucleation expected to begin around 7-8PM which will coincide with a weak wave that is expected to move across the northern counties to bring another quick hitting snow. There is little to no vorticity with this system with snow being driven more by lift within the 600mb to 850mb layer which is much less substantial than what was seen during the overnight hours last night. This snow should generally remain isolated to points along and north of I-70 with amounts no greater than an inch for most spots with most areas seeing closer to 0.50". Temperatures tonight will remain near steady state with lows in the low 30s with westerly winds beginning to strengthen as pressure gradients briefly tighten across the forecast area. Sunday. Similar weather is expected for tomorrow with some lingering low clouds in the morning with drier air gradually working in. Non-zero instability will arrive by the afternoon with dry adiabatic lapse rates up to the top of the boundary layer at around 3kft with drier air above it. This could have led to some brief convective snow showers/light rain if the top of the cloud layer had been a bit cooler combined with a weaker cap at the top of the boundary layer, but with those limitations expect just a few areas of heavier sprinkles or perhaps light snow mid to late afternoon with much of the precipitation ending by noon. && .Long Term...(Sunday night through Saturday) Issued at 312 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Very active long term period across central Indiana, with at least a couple of impactful systems likely for the region. The first round of the week comes Monday night into early Wednesday. A very strong low pressure system will pull quickly northeast out of the Texas Panhandle into central Illinois and northwest Indiana late Monday into Tuesday evening. Ensemble guidance is very well clustered with a low track near or just northwest of the northwest corner of the forecast area, which will keep central Indiana in the warm sector and all rain for the bulk of the event. However, Monday night presents an opportunity for a quick burst of accumulating snow on the leading edge of the precipitation, despite borderline near surface temperatures - forecast profiles show a deep near-isothermal layer near or just below 0C, and with the onset of strong frontogenetic forcing at the nose of the low level jet Monday night, dynamic cooling may offset midlevel warm advection for a few hours either side of midnight and allow for a burst of briefly heavy snow to accumulate, potentially up to an inch or two, primarily from Indy northward. However, strong low and midlevel warm advection as we approach daybreak Tuesday will rapidly produce a changeover to rain, with rain continuing through the day on Tuesday. Precipitable water values continue to exceed climatological 90th percentile much of the event, with probabilistic guidance showing rainfall amounts in excess of a half inch a virtual certainty (90%) and in excess of an inch a significant likelihood (50-60+%), which may put a slight dent in the longer term drought conditions. Some minimal upright instability is present in some forecast profiles, and given the strong dynamics present throughout the depth of the troposphere, some elevated convection/embedded thunder cannot be ruled out, but remain uncertain and will not include for now. As the low continues to wrap up and move rapidly northeast into the central Great Lakes, onset of cold advection Tuesday night will promote a potentially rapid changeover back to a mix or all snow, with potential for another brief burst of accumulations in the plentiful wraparound moisture before precipitation tapers off late Tuesday night into Wednesday morning as the column dries from aloft. Will have to monitor for possible impacts to the Wednesday morning commute. Some of the guidance suite produces a weak clipper-type system moving through the Great Lakes late Thursday into Friday, with additional potential for light snow or a mix across portions of the area, particularly north. Models then show another strong low somewhere in the region Friday night into Saturday, but extremely large ensemble spread and model- to-model inconsistencies give very low confidence on precipitation types and amounts - but another round of impactful precipitation is on the table. It remains very important to avoid keying in on one model, one run, or one cherry-picked extreme solution, particularly for the late week system, and to instead monitor trends and updates from trusted sources as the week wears on. && .Aviation...(00Z TAF Issuance) Issued at 606 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Impacts: - IFR to LIFR ceilings through around 16z Sunday, then MVFR - IFR visibilities in rain and snow possible mainly 02z-07z Discussion: Poor flying conditions are expected through Sunday morning as a weak wave moves through. This will bring a light rain and snow mix to the terminals as well this evening and overnight. Winds will be light from the west and increase to 10 knots or so late Sunday morning. && .IND WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... None. && $$ Update...MK Short Term...White Long Term...Nield Aviation...MK
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Louisville KY
937 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 .Forecast Update... Issued at 736 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Broad troughing coupled with being located under the left exit region of a strengthening upper-level jet is allowing for some precip to form. Current ACARS soundings show a low-level moist layer with subsidence aloft, therefore have added some light drizzle into the grids. This drizzle will transition to rain as a low-mid level wave of moisture moves into the region, allowing for the mid-level subsidence layer to erode. Additionally, low stratus is leading to areas of lowered visibilities east of I-65 and specifically over the Bluegrass region. Have added some patchy fog to the grids. Issued at 936 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Drizzle is beginning to transition to rain, due to mid-level saturation. Light rain will continue to move through the region in the overnight hours. Around 12Z there is a chance for rain/snow mix as the near-surface thermal layer becomes limited and may also be driven by precip rate. Not expecting any measurable snowfall, however, we will likely measure a few hundredths to a tenth of an inch of rainfall. && .Short Term...(This evening through Sunday) Issued at 325 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 ===================================================================== Key Messages... - Cloudy skies and cool temperatures continue tonight through the day on Sunday. (High confidence) - Scattered light rain showers develop this evening, potentially mixing with snow tomorrow morning. Total precipitation less than 0.10". Snow accumulations not expected. (Medium confidence) ===================================================================== A broad, wavy upper level trough continues to move eastward from the central to the eastern CONUS this afternoon, with inclement weather being experienced by a large portion of the country. The lead shortwave within the larger trough is associated with the system that moved through our region this morning, and is lifting off to the north and east at this hour. Behind the leading shortwave is a broader trough currently entering the Mississippi Valley. This feature will move across the Ohio Valley tonight into tomorrow, providing support for broad, weak mid-level rising motion through early Sunday morning. In the low levels of the atmosphere, abundant moisture in the sfc- 850 mb layer has resulted in an expansive stratus shield which currently extends from east Texas all the way into central Canada. This area of dense cloud cover should remain over our region over the next 24-36 hours, with persistent low-mid level cold advection keeping moisture locked in place. This cold advection will cause low- level lapse rates, which are currently near isothermal, to steepen overnight tonight. As a wave of slightly deeper moisture (at least up to 700 mb) moves through the region later tonight, it will overlap with the aforementioned steepening lapse rates and synoptic scale lift from the upper trough to promote the development of scattered rain showers. As was the case this morning, the near surface layer will initially be well above freezing, with precipitation type expected to be rain through at least 06Z Sunday. However, as cold advection begins to work down to the surface toward sunrise Sunday, it is probable (50-70% chance) that the heavier showers will mix with or change to snow. Later Sunday morning (especially after sunrise), the deeper moisture aloft will exit the region to the east, limiting DGZ saturation and rain/snow potential. Overall, the available moisture is fairly meager, so not expecting much in the way of QPF tonight into tomorrow morning (generally less than 0.10"). As a result, little to no impacts are expected from and snow which develops, and temperatures should remain above freezing in most locations where snow falls. Late Sunday morning through Sunday afternoon, clouds are expected to remain overhead as the effects of increasing mid-level heights and temperatures takes its time in working down toward the surface. 10- 15 mph westerly winds will develop during the morning and continue through the afternoon hours as the low-level pressure gradient strengthens between high pressure over the NW Gulf of Mexico and low pressure off of Long Island. Temperatures should only rise into the upper 30s and lower 40s Sunday afternoon, with wind chills making things feel even cooler. .Long Term...(Sunday night through Saturday) Issued at 250 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 ============================================================= Key Messages: * Widespread Rain and Very Gusty Winds Tuesday * Continued Gusty Winds and a Lingering Wintry Mix Possible into Wednesday * Another Strong Storm System Possible Late Week =========================================================== Sunday Night - Monday... We start the extended with a brief dry spell as surface high pressure and progressive upper ridging control our area through Monday. After a chilly start with lows in the mid to upper 20s, Monday high temps see a nice diurnal rise well into the 40s to around 50 across our south. These values look to be about 2 to 5 degrees above climo for this time of year. Monday Night - Wednesday... An intensifying exit region of a mid to upper level jet overspreads the mid Mississippi River Valley on Monday night to the Great Lakes region by Tuesday. This supports strong upper divergence in the region, along with some aid from a loosely coupled upper jet structure over the lower Great Lakes region later Tuesday. This will lead to pretty rapid cyclogenesis during that time as a strengthening surface low tracks from the Red River Valley (~997mb) Monday evening, to the mid Mississippi River Valley (~993mb) Tuesday morning, and then the lower Great Lakes region (~982mb) by Tuesday evening. Ahead of these features, expect increasing precipitation chances over our CWA on Monday night as the low level jet responds with 60-70 knot core and strong Gulf moisture transport. Looking for a 100% chance of rain late Monday night into Tuesday given the 90+ percentile PWATs and the degree of forcing it appears this setup lends. Overall, still looking for a widespread 1 to 2 inches of beneficial rainfall over our area. The rainfall is the easy part of this system, however a couple of other hazards/concerns that continue to be monitored. First off, the onset of precipitation continues to be a close call on whether we see an initial batch of wintry mix as web bulb temps will be near freezing at the beginning of the event and before the H85 jet core really kicks in. This remains a possibility, however wouldn`t expect much impact from it as the warm air would quickly take over and widespread rainfall would commence. The next concern, and perhaps the biggest, with the initial system will be the gusty winds given the strengthening surface low and resulting pressure gradient. This combined with potential for increased BL mixiness as a modest "warm sector" gets established on Tuesday. A third component that could contribute to increased gusts is the consistent signal that the dry slot works into our area (at least the southern CWA) by late afternoon into the evening. As a result of all these factors, widespread 30 to 40 mph still looks like a high confidence bet, with stronger gusts over 40 mph also pretty likely for some. Right now the best locations for this to occur would be across southern/southeastern KY Tuesday afternoon into the evening. For reference, LREF probs paint the highest probabilities of 40+ MPH wind gusts in those areas. A Wind Advisory, at least for some, appears pretty likely. Still can`t rule out that stronger wind messaging could be needed on Tuesday, but that would depend on getting some overlap of the dry slot and strong LLJ core above 50 knots. The window for that may be short-lived as the strongest LLJ core should be displacing east by that time, but definitely something to monitor. The final component to this impressive storm system happens on Tuesday night into Wednesday as the surface low quickly lifts off to the NE. We see cold advection take hold with steepening lapse rates and comma head deeper moisture wrapping back in. Surface temps should drop to around or just above freezing, and with the steepening lapse rates some gusty rain/snow showers will likely develop. Just how gusty depends on those lapse rates, but overall winds should drop off a bit from Tuesday PM values. This gusty rain/snow shower threat would last into Wednesday, however something interesting is that low level winds remain pretty strong into the day Wednesday, and with "mixed" BL, another very gusty (perhaps another Wind Advisory?) day is likely. LREF probs again support a fairly good likelihood of that for some. As mentioned in the previous forecast, some snow accums could be possible Tue night into Wednesday, but too early to speculate on what those numbers would be. Wednesday Night - Saturday... Lower confidence into late next week as there should be a largely dry stretch between Wednesday night and Thursday night. However, some signal for a another weak system to pass through on Thursday, which is hurting confidence in that dry stretch just a bit. Another stronger storm system continues to show up in the data for the Friday into Saturday time frame, and will be another one to watch. Overall, looks like a pretty active stretch of weather into mid and late January. && .Aviation...(00Z TAF Issuance) Issued at 622 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Summary: IFR or lower CIGs through Sunday morning and rain showers move through in the overnight hours bringing some lowered VIS. Discussion: Currently, some low-level moisture below the DGZ, lift from broad troughing, and being located within the left exit region of a strengthening upper-level jet is allowing for light drizzle to form over the region. Later tonight, troughing coupled with a vorticity maximum and a wave of low-mid level moisture will allow for some showers to form and move through the region. Ptype will be primarily rain through most of the night, however, in the early morning hours, wouldn`t rule out a rain/snow mix with heavier precip rates. As showers move through the terminals, some lowered VIS around 4-5SM is possible. Sunday morning, CIGs should rise to low- end MVFR and slowly lift through the day. Confidence: Medium-High && .LMK WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... IN...None. KY...None. && $$ Update...SRM Short Term...CSG Long Term...BJS Aviation...SRM
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Miami FL
651 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 ...New UPDATE, AVIATION... .UPDATE... Issued at 640 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 The weather this evening is beginning to settle down with a line of showers and storms pushing south into the Keys and southern waters. Overnight, additional shower development is eventually expected to take place with scattered showers and potential isolated storms most of the day on Sunday. Unlike today, severe or near-severe storms are not expected for tomorrow. Temperatures will fall into the 60s tonight and for the early morning tomorrow. && .SHORT TERM... (Rest of today through Sunday) Issued at 1238 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Unsettled weather conditions will be likely this afternoon as a line of storms moves across our area ahead of the passage of a cold front. As of noon-time today, this line was just starting to enter South Florida, with leading stratiform rain and ample cloud coverage helping limit instability over land. A few storms over the waters have benefited from stronger instability resulting in frequent lightning, strong winds and at least one waterspout reported by aircraft pilots. As the line continues to move over our area this afternoon, environmental parameters will be favorable enough for a few strong to marginally severe thunderstorms to develop across portions of the southwest coast and interior South Florida, namely portions of Glades, Hendry, Collier and inland Palm Beach counties. With a paucity of instability but ample shear in place, the main concerns remain strong, damaging winds and a few tornadoes. Chances for severe impacts decrease further south and east over our area, where scattered showers and a few garden-variety thunderstorms could be possible through the evening hours. Gusty southerly winds will prevail during this time, with gusts up to 25 kts possible. The aforementioned front is anticipated to drop through our area overnight into tomorrow morning, with enough lingering moisture to support isolated showers developing across southernmost portions of the peninsula and the local waters. Winds will veer from the north-northwest once the front pushes through. Temperatures overnight will remain in the 60s across much of South Florida, and could rise to the low-mid 70s tomorrow as cooler air advects over the area. && .LONG TERM... (Sunday night through next Friday) Issued at 130 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 We`ll start the week off dry with high pressure over the Mid- Atlantic in control. On Tuesday a system in the middle part of the country will race towards the Great Lakes by early Wednesday. A cold front associated with this system will cross the area overnight into early Wednesday morning. There will be a severe threat to our north during the day on Tuesday where the dynamics will be better, however they become less impressive by Tuesday evening and night across South FL when the precip arrives on our doorstep. A few stronger storms may be possible across the lake region, but the threat looks fairly minimum at this point in time. Dry weather then returns for the middle to end of the work week as high pressure builds into the region. Another front may bring showers and isolated thunderstorms to the region next weekend, but there is still plenty of uncertainty on timing and strength this far out. Temperatures will oscillate between slightly below normal and slightly above normal this week, with the warmest days being Tuesday and Friday ahead of approaching frontal boundaries. Highs those days will be in the lower 80s. Otherwise, the rest of the week will see high temps in the 70s. The only chilly night of the week looks to be Wednesday night with lows in the upper 40s to upper 50s. Otherwise, generally looking at seasonal lows in the 50s/60s this week. && .AVIATION... (00Z TAFS) Issued at 640 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Generally VFR begins the period as showers and storms continue to taper off, but additional shower development later tonight and plenty of low level moisture present will result in potential MVFR or lower CIGs with MVFR included already. Short-fused amendments for any heavier rain showers in this period will be possible. Winds will be lightly breezy around 8-10kts the whole period and will be shifting often from SW tonight, to NW Sunday afternoon, and eventually N/NNE Sunday evening. && .MARINE... Issued at 1238 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 Modest southerly flow continues today ahead of an advancing frontal system. Scattered showers and isolated thunderstorms are possible across local waters in association with an approaching cold front. Hazards for mariners include strong to damaging wind gusts, lightning and the potential for waterspouts. Winds will increase and turn northerly behind the frontal system, causing elevated wave heights up to around 9 feet. These dangerous conditions may persist into the early part of the upcoming week, with moderate to breezy northerly winds remaining intact. && .BEACHES... Issued at 1238 PM EST Sat Jan 6 2024 A high risk of rip currents will persist along all East Coast beaches this weekend as onshore flow continues. As winds strengthen and shift to the southwest, the risk for rip currents along the Gulf && .PRELIMINARY POINT TEMPS/POPS... Miami 69 74 64 74 / 50 40 0 0 West Kendall 67 76 61 76 / 50 40 0 0 Opa-Locka 68 75 63 76 / 50 40 0 0 Homestead 69 77 64 76 / 30 30 0 0 Fort Lauderdale 67 74 64 75 / 50 40 0 0 N Ft Lauderdale 67 73 64 75 / 40 40 0 0 Pembroke Pines 66 75 62 76 / 50 40 0 0 West Palm Beach 65 72 61 74 / 30 30 0 0 Boca Raton 66 74 63 76 / 50 30 0 0 Naples 64 70 56 75 / 40 30 0 0 && .MFL WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES... FL...High Rip Current Risk through Sunday evening for FLZ168. High Rip Current Risk through Sunday morning for FLZ172-173. AM...Small Craft Advisory until 7 PM EST this evening for AMZ650-651- 671. Small Craft Advisory until 11 PM EST this evening for AMZ670. GM...None. && $$ SHORT TERM...ATV LONG TERM....CMF AVIATION...Redman
Area Forecast Discussion
National Weather Service Reno NV
205 PM PST Sat Jan 6 2024 .SYNOPSIS… The first significant winter storm for this season is now crossing into the Sierra with periods of strong valley wind gusts, heavy Sierra snow, and light to moderate snow accumulations into western NV. Overnight Sunday into Monday will see the coldest air so far this winter season. Additional cold storms are stacking up in the Pacific for possible impacts by mid to late next week. && .DISCUSSION… At the time of this writing, WFO Reno is being blasted by a strong southwest downslope flow across our area. A wind gust to 72 mph was observed up in the weather office at 10:37 this morning. Snow is just now spilling over the Carson Range section of the Sierra Front, and giving off that ominous winter-like appearance across the Truckee Meadows. The main forcing supporting the inbound cold front is quickly driving southeast spreading snow and snow showers across the region right now! STRONG WINDS: * Stronger southwest winds will continue through this afternoon with gusts 40-50 mph for many areas across western NV. Higher terrain across the Sierra crest will see gusts reaching 100 mph or more, adding to brief near blizzard conditions across higher elevation areas. Until the cold front drives further south and east, don’t expect a quick cessation of winds until pressure and thermal gradient loosen later this evening. * Wind prone areas like the I-580 corridor through the Washoe Valley, the US-395 corridor through Mono County, and US-95 south of Fallon to Hawthorne will still see wind gusts 50-65 mph through the remainder of this afternoon into the early evening. Be advised, as moderate to heavy precipitation becomes more widespread across the Sierra and western NV, the stronger winds will begin to dissipate into the evening, and the general wind flow at the surface and aloft will shift more northerly through Sunday. * The most notable impact will be felt by high profile vehicles traveling along more north-south roads and highways across the Basin and Range from now till at least 6-8PM this evening. SNOW CONTINUES: * Central Sierra-Lake Tahoe Basin: Dependent upon your flavor of blended model guidance, snowfall rates this afternoon into the evening will vary 1-2”/hr with bursts of 2-3”/hr in more convection bands across the central into the eastern Sierra. This equates to a 60-80% chance of snowfall totals of at least a foot or more across the Sierra crest dependent upon liquid-to-snow ratios approaching 18:1 to 20:1. There is also a 30-40% for snow totals approaching 2 feet around higher elevation areas along the western edge of the Lake Tahoe Basin by the time the storm heads further south later this afternoon. * Western NV valleys may pick up an inch or two of accumulated snow before the last bands of snow push out of the area with the exiting cold front. Some snow shower bands may loiter for a few hours after the main snow area pushes through later this evening (including lake-effect potential south of Tahoe), with snow shower activity winding down by later tonight to midnight in southern Mono-Mineral counties. * Temperatures dropping quickly below freezing tonight will keep untreated, snow covered roads icy into Sunday morning. Even though the snow has all but ended, it is advised to take it slow if on area roadways, and give plenty of room for those vehicle in close proximity. DID SOMEONE SAY LAKE EFFECT SNOW? The combination of a much colder northerly flow spreading across the Sierra and western NV, and relatively warmer large area lakes, the risk for lake effect snow lingers till at least midnight. Although not an optimal setup of reduced low and mid level shear, steep low-mid lapse rates, and convective instability, areas on the lee-downwind side south of Pyramid, Tahoe, Mono, and Walker Lakes may see lingering bands of light snow adding up to an inch of snow. COLDEST SEASONAL TEMPS: Now that we are on the subject, this colder northerly flow will pull south what can be considered the coldest air of the season. Lows overnight Sunday into early Monday will drop at least 10°F to as much as 25°F below seasonal averages. Overnight Sunday, some areas across the Sierra crest will see bitter cold wind chills of -15°F to -25°F. As lower valley areas see lows dropping into the single digit and teens, those water pipes exposed outdoors could be at risk for bursting if not adequately protected. There is still time to place that extra heat lamp in livestock pens, and hustle outdoor pets that may be challenged with these colder temperatures to a warmer spot indoors. CRYSTAL BALLS AND TEA LEAVES: Not really! We emphatically use the scientific method to assess-interpret-disseminate the best possible ensemble based forecasts for our part of the world. And the simulations within the framework of this guidance show this active winter pattern restarting by mid-week after a brief, but very cold early week hiatus. By mid-week the next shot winter conditions returns for an encore performance with a potent cast of gusty west-southwest higher elevation winds, periods of heavy Sierra snowfall, and more wintry impacts that includes mountain travel disruptions. Only low confidence projections can be made at this time as ensemble guidance displays the usual uncertainties with trajectory and strength. Don’t give up! Keep checking the forecast! You don’t want to miss the show! -Amanda && .AVIATION... * As precipitation pushes deeper into the region, stronger winds will dissipate quickly by late this afternoon and evening. FL100 winds will gradually decrease and shift more northerly with winds speeds 20-30kts. Mountain wave turbulence and LLWS will respond in suite, and dampen significantly across the Sierra and western NV. Some turbulence will continue across far western NV through Sunday for inbound aircraft departing and arriving into the RNO-CXP area. * Sierra terminals will see IFR/LIFR conditions in SN/+SN continuing through the remainder of the afternoon, and gradually becoming -SN by 00-02Z. High guidance shows light snow cease by 03-04Z. Mountain terminals will see at least 6.0”-8.0” of accumulated snow on runways. Lower CIGS/VIS will cause widespread terrain obscuration this evening and tonight. With the exception for the risk overnight of partially dense freezing fog in the Martis and Sierra valleys, these conditions will gradually improve through Sunday morning. * Far western NV terminals (RNO-CXP-MEV) will see periods of -SN/SN and IFR/LIFR conditions through this afternoon, and then see clearing after 02-04Z runway accumulations of up to 1.0”-2.0". Remaining western NV terminals with see periods of IFR conditions in -SN/SN with up to an inch of accumulated snow on runway pavements. * VFR conditions will return to western NV and most Sierra terminals through Sunday. The slight risk (10-20%) through midnight for lake effect snow (LES) across larger area lakes may add up to an additional inch of snow across the South Lake Tahoe (TVL) area. There also remains the risk of partially dense freezing fog, and low status, causing brief periods of IFR/LIFR conditions across parts of the Martis valley(TRK) and the Sierra valley(SVE) till 15- 16Z. -Amanda && .AVALANCHE… For this weekend`s storm in the higher Sierra elevations (7000+ feet around Tahoe/Alpine counties, 8000+ feet in Mono County) and the White Mountains... TIMING/PEAK SNOWFALL RATES: * For the Sierra, from 12 noon-6 PM today with peak rates of 1- 3"/hour. * For the White Mountains, from 7-11 PM this evening with peak rates up to 1.0-1.5"/hour. SNOW-LIQUID RATIOS/SNOW AMOUNTS: * Generally 14-16:1 this afternoon increasing 17-18:1 late this afternoon and evening, resulting in drier and more powdery snow compared to recent warmer snow events. * For the Sierra, 10-20" snowfall with SWE between 1.0-1.50" around the Lake Tahoe basin, decreasing to 8-16" snowfall with SWE 0.60- 1.0" for Alpine/Mono counties. Higher end scenarios (20-30% chance) bring up to 2 feet near the crest west of Tahoe. * For the White Mountains, the most likely snow amounts are 1-4", with a 10-20% chance for at least 6" of drier-powdery snow. WINDS: * Southwest-west 50-65 mph with ridge gusts 100+ mph late this afternoon gradually decreasing through the evening. * Winds turn north and decrease late tonight, but remain breezy through Sunday with ridge gusts near 50 mph for the Sierra and up to 65 mph for the White Mountains. -Amanda && .REV Watches/Warnings/Advisories... NV... Winter Storm Warning until 10 PM PST this evening NVZ002. Wind Advisory until 7 PM PST this evening NVZ001. Wind Advisory until 3 PM PST this afternoon NVZ003. Winter Weather Advisory until 10 PM PST this evening NVZ003. Lake Wind Advisory until 7 PM PST this evening NVZ004. CA...Winter Weather Advisory until 10 PM PST this evening CAZ071. Winter Storm Warning until 10 PM PST this evening CAZ072. Winter Storm Warning until 4 AM PST Sunday CAZ073. && $$