Forecast Discussions mentioning any of "ACARS" "MDCRS" "AIRCRAFT" "TAMDAR" "AMDAR" "WVSS" received at GSD on 07/31/23

Area Forecast Discussion

National Weather Service Phoenix AZ

 453 PM MST Sun Jul 30 2023

.Update...Updated 00Z Aviation Discussion

.SYNOPSIS...
As high pressure shifts to the east away from the region today,
an area of low pressure will approach from Mexico. This will
result in temperatures retreating somewhat closer to normal as
moisture levels increase. Today will bring an increase in shower
and thunderstorm chances to much of the area, particularly across
southwest Arizona. The unsettled weather pattern will continue
into Monday with eastern and central Arizona likely seeing the
best chances for showers and thunderstorms. While strong gusty
winds and dense blowing dust will be the primary weather hazards,
some locations could experience heavy rainfall. This wetter
pattern will be short lived as abnormally hot and dry weather is
expected to return during the latter half of the week.

&&

.DISCUSSION...

Today/Tonight...
Latest water vapor imagery and streamline analysis reveal a well-
defined inverted trough across northern Mexico. Ahead of this
system, conditions are considerably cooler and more moist across
the Desert Southwest than they were 24 hours ago. Earlier this
afternoon, surface dewpoints reached the lower 60s across central
Arizona and as high as the lower 70s across the Imperial Valley of
southeastern California. Temperatures across the lower deserts
have also struggled to rise through the lower 100s.

Clouds have been slow to clear across the Phoenix metro area,
likely in response to weak ascent associated with an MCV in the
vicinity of Coconino County. The steering flow is also stronger
than normal between the stubborn Monsoon High across northern New
Mexico and the approaching trough, with 20 kt noted in the KPHX
ACARS soundings. This is yielding 0-6 km shear of 30 kt across
Pinal/Pima Counties. Mesoanalysis indicates some drier air has
worked its way into eastern Arizona. Nevertheless, isolated
convection has already initiated across the White Mountains.

Latest HREF depicts a strong signal for an MCS developing tonight
near the Maricopa/Pinal/Pima triple point, before spreading
westward into southwestern Arizona and ultimately southeastern
California after midnight. Conceptually, this seems reasonable
given the presence of deeper moisture and stronger deep layer
shear closer to the inverted trough. Any cells within this complex
will be capable of producing strong to severe wind gusts, blowing
dust, and localized heavy rain.

Across central Arizona, variability in the CAMs suggests the
forecast is more uncertain. Latest ACARS soundings still show
abundant CIN associated with some drying near 700 mb. Rainfall in
the Valley largely hinges on the development of activity further
upstream across the Mazatzal and Superstition Mountains. There is
some potential for at least isolated activity, per the latest runs
of the HRRR and U of A WRF-GFS. However, latest trends in these
CAMs are not nearly as bullish in these areas and more closely
resemble this morning’s NSSL WRF. One other low-probability
scenario is the organized complex of storms across Pima County
produces an outflow boundary that triggers additional development
further north across the Valley later this evening.

&&

.PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...
For Monday, the inverted trough is forecast to track north
northwestward through the western half of the region, while
moisture levels continue to improve. Depending on the extent of
the convection later today and tonight, Monday may actually be the
better day for showers and storms across eastern and south-central
Arizona. The latest hi-res guidance shows higher instability on
Monday vs today with forecast CAPEs in a 1000-1500 J/kg range
across south-central Arizona to 500-750 J/kg over the eastern
Arizona high terrain. The better quality moisture and higher
instability could result in more widespread storm coverage during
the afternoon across southeast Arizona northward through the
Mogollon Rim as long as there isn`t too much leftover morning
debris cloud to inhibit insolation. This scenario could then
present an optimal pac-man collision of outflows over the Phoenix
area with outflows coming from the Tucson area and from the high
terrain east of Phoenix. Shear will be lower on Monday, but with
the higher CAPE and the possibility of significant outflows
colliding over the south-central Arizona lower deserts, right now
it seems Monday evening may be the best chance for decent rain
over the Phoenix metro. Looking farther west over southwest
Arizona and southeast California on Monday, it very well could be
a fairly quiet day as it seems likely the atmosphere will be
convectively overturned from this evening/early overnight
convection.

By Tuesday, the inverted trough is forecast to have ejected well
to our north with southwesterly flow overtaking the region. This
will result in a gradual drying and likely less shower and
thunderstorm chances on Tuesday with the best focus of convection
likely over the eastern Arizona high terrain. Temperatures should
also be the coolest we have seen since late June with forecast
highs on Monday and Tuesday right around normal readings. The rest
of the coming week will see a resurgence of the sub-tropical high
first across northern Mexico and then into the Desert Southwest
late in the week into next weekend. The positioning of the high to
our south is expected to continue to bring a drying flow during
the latter half of the week with any residual boundary layer
moisture likely getting scoured out. This should nearly completely
end any storm chances, even over the high terrain, starting
Thursday. As the sub-tropical high takes over across the region
again later this week and we dry out, temperatures will also start
climbing to above normal readings. The latest NBM forecast highs
show readings back to around 110 degrees across the lower deserts
during the latter half of the week and possibly back to around
115 degrees for some areas by next weekend.

&&

.AVIATION...Updated at 2350Z.

South-Central Arizona including KPHX, KIWA, KSDL, and KDVT:
The main concerns over the next few hours will be line of showers
and thunderstorms approaching from the east. The arrival time is
expected by 02Z-03Z at the metro terminals. The best chances for
storms will be between 03Z-05Z as well as gusty northeasterly
winds up to 30-35 kts. Storm chances will wane by 06Z tonight.
Winds are expected to return back to west as activity moves out of
the region with a late easterly shift expected early tomorrow
morning.

Southeast California/Southwest Arizona including KIPL and KBLH:
A complex of thunderstorms is expected to develop across SW AZ and
move west into SE CA late tonight. This activity looks to reach
the TAF sites generally after the 07-08z timeframe where VCTS is
expected with gusty outflows up to 35kts. There is a risk that
visibilities could come down both in blowing dust and heavy
rainfall, something that will be monitored for future updates.
Otherwise, a general SSE wind and SCT/BKN mid to high clouds.

&&

.FIRE WEATHER...
An unsettled weather pattern will be seen over the area through
Monday with much better shower and thunderstorm chances areawide.
Storms today are more likely to be seen across western Maricopa
Co. westward through the Colorado River Valley. For Monday, the
likely best area for storm activity will be across the eastern and
south-central Arizona. Gusty erratic outflow winds are the
greatest concern with these storms, though some beneficial wetting
rainfall is likely for some areas. Minimum afternoon humidity
levels will fall into a 15-25% range today and 20-30% on Monday,
while temperatures fall back closer to normal readings by Monday.
Starting Tuesday, a drying flow will overtake the region bringing
decreasing shower and storm chances. For the latter half of the
week, storm chances will completely come to an end, while
temperatures once again warm to above normal readings. Minimum
humidities later this week will also dip back into a 10-20% range
by Wednesday and possibly even into the single digits by Friday.

&&

.CLIMATE...

Active Streaks:

PHOENIX

1. Consecutive days of high temperatures 110F or greater: longest
   on record at 30 days (previous record: 18 days in June 1974)

2. Consecutive days of no measurable precipitation: 4th longest on
   record at 129 days

YUMA

1. Consecutive days of low temperatures 85F or greater: 2nd longest
   on record at 19 days

&&

.PSR WATCHES/WARNINGS/ADVISORIES...
AZ...None.
CA...None.
&&

$$

DISCUSSION...Hirsch
PREVIOUS DISCUSSION...Kuhlman
AVIATION...Salerno
FIRE WEATHER...Kuhlman